CHEMISTRY

CLASS-XI

SEMESTER-I

Unit-I: Some Basic Concept of Chemistry General Introduction: Importance and scope of chemistry, Historical approach to particulate nature of matter, laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic theory: concept of elements, atoms and molecules. Atomic and molecular masses,

Mole concept and molar mass: percentage composition, empirical and molecular formula; chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry.

Unit-II: Structure of Atom

Discovery of electron, proton and neutron; atomic number, isotopes and isobars. Thomson’s model and its limitations, Rutherford’s model and its limitations. Bohr’s model and its limitations, concept of shells and sub-shells, dual nature of

matter and light, De Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg uncertaint principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p, and d orbitals, rules for filling electronics in orbitals Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and

Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals.

Unit-III: Classification of Elements and periodicity in Properties

Significance of classification, brief history of the development of periodic table, modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table, periodic trends in peorperties of elements atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii, Ionization

enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electro negativity, valence.

Unit-IV: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Valence elctrons, ionic bond, covalent bond: bond parameters. Lewis structure, polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory concept of hybridization, involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital; theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules qualitative idea only, hydrogen bond.

Unit-V: Hydrogen

Position of hydrogen in perodic table, occurrence, isotopes, preparations, properties and uses of Hydrogen; Hydrides-ionic, covalent and interstitial physical and chemical properties of water, Heavy water; Hydrogen peroxide-preparation

reactions and structure; hydrogen as fuel

Unit-VI: s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline earth metals)

Group 1 and Group 2 elements;

General introductions, electronic configuration, occurrence, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship, trends in chemical reactivity with osygen, water, hydrogen and halogens; uses.

Preparation and properties of some important compunds:-

Sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate, biological importance of sodium and potassium.

CaO, CaCO3 and industrial use of lime and limestone, biological importance of Mg and Ca.

Unit-VII: Organic Chemistry-Some Basic Principles and Techniques

General introduction method, qualitative and quantitative analysis. Classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds:

Electronic displacements in a covalent bond inductive effect, electronic, effect, resonance and hyper conjugation.

Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond; free radicals, carbocations, carbanions; electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions.

SEMESTER-II

Unit-I: States of Matter: gases and liquids Three states of matter, Intermolecular interactions, type of bonding, melting and boiling points, Role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule, Boyle’s law Charles law, Gay Lussae’s Avogadro’s law, Ideal behaviour,

empirical derivation of gas equation, Avogadro’s number. Ideal gas equation.

Derivation from ideal behaviour liquifaction of gases, critical temperature.

Liquid State-Vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only not mathematical derivations).

Unit-II: Thermodynamics

Concepts of system, types of systems, surroundings, Work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions.

First law of thermodynamics-internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of U and H, Hess’s law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization,

sublimation, Phase transition, ionization and dilution.

Introduction of entropy as a state function, free energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, equilibrium.

Unit-III: Equilibrium

Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of mass action, equilibrium constant, factor affecting equilibrium, Le Chateller’s principle: ionic equillibrium-ionization of acids and bases, strong and

weak electrolytes, degree of ionisation, concept of pH. Hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), Buffer solutions, solubility product common ion effect (with illustrative examples).

Unit-IV: Redox Reactions

Concept of oxidation and reduction redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions, applications of redox reactions.

Unit-V: Some p-Block Elements

General Introduction to p-Block Elements

Group 13 elements; General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, Variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous properties of first element of the group; Boron-physical chemical properties, some important compounds; borax, boric acids, boron hydrides, Aluminium: uses, reactions with acids and alkalies.

Group 14 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variationof properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous behaviour of first elements, Carbon-catenation, allotropic forms, physical and

chemical properties uses of some important compound oxides.

Important compounds of silicon and a few uses; silicon tetrachloride, silicones silicates and zeoliles.

Unit-VI: Hydrocarbons

Classification of hydrocarbons

Alkanes-Nomenclature; isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism or halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis.

Alkenes. Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethane) geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation; chemical reactions; addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition and peroxide ffect). Ozonolysis. Oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.

Alkynes-Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties; ethods of preparations, chemical reactions; acidic character of alkynes, addition eaction of hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.

Aromatic hydrocarbons: Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature; Benzene: resonance romaticity; chemical properties; mechanism of elctrophilic substitution-nitration ulphonation, halogenation, Friedel craft’s alkylation and acylation; directive nfluence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene; carcinogenicity and oxicity.

Unit-XIV: Environment Chemistry

Environment pollution-air and soil pollution, chemical reactions in atmosphere, mog, major atmospheric pollutants: acid rain, ozone and its reactions effects of epletion of ozone layer, greenhouse effect and global warming-pollution due to

industrial wastes; green chemistry as an alternative tool of reducing pollution, strategy for control of environmental pollution.

PRACTICAL (SEMESTER-I)

A. Basic laboratory Techniques. 1. Cutting glass tube and glass rod.

2. bending a glass tube.

3. Drawing out a glass jet

4. Boring a cork

B. Experiments related to all change

a) Any one of the following experiments;

Determination of pH of some solutions obtained from fruit juices, solutions of known and varied concentrations of acid, bases and salts using pH paper or universal indicator.

Comparing the pH of solution of strong and weak acid of same concentration.

Study the pH change in the titration of a strong base using universal indication.

b) Study of pH change by common ion effect in case of weak acids and weak bases.

C. Qualitative analysis

• Using a chemical balance.

• Preparation of standard solution of oxalic acid.

• Determination of strength of a given solution of sodium hydroxide by titrating it against standard solution of oxalic acid.

• Preparation of standard solution of sodium carbonate.

• Determination of strength of a given solution of hydrochloric acid by titrating it against standard sodium carbonate solution.

Project

Scientific investigations involving

A few suggested Projects

• Checking the bacterial contaaninationin drinking water by testing sulphide ion. Study of the methods of p.

• Testing the hardness, presence of iron Hydride, chloride etc. depending upon the regional variation in drinking water and the study of causes of presence of these ions above permissible limit (if any).

DANCE

CLASS-XI

SEMESTER-I

PART-A

I. Definition of dance, its importance in human life.

II. Knowledge of basic technical terms used in Kathak dance such as Theka, Laya, Taal, Tatkar, That, Amad, Salami, Tihai.

III. Critical study of Natya and Naritya.

IV. Comparitive study of the folk and classical dance.

PART-B

I. Definition and description of prescribed Taals.

II. Recognition of Taals through some Bols.

PRACTICAL I. Systematic dance performance of the following Taals on the material given below:-

A) Teen Taal :                      (16 Matras) One Thaat

One Amad

One Salami

Two Toras

One Kavit

One Tihai

One Paran

Two Paltas

II. Advance Tatkar in single, Dugun and Chougun Laykaries in the Teen Taal.

III. Two Gat nikas in Teen Taal.

SEMESTER-II

PART-A I. Knowledge of Taandva.

II. Knowledge of the following: Asnyukta hast Mudras, their function in dance- Pataka, Tripataka, Ardhapataka, Mayur, Ardhachandra, Aral Shuktund, Mushti, Shikhar, Kapittha Rallamukh, Suchi, Chanderkala, Padmakosh, Sarpshrish.

III. Short account of Raags and their importance in dance.

IV. Short history of Kathak-dance.

V. Survey and essential characterestics of Kathak dance.

PART-B

I. Notation of all material prescribed in practical course.

II. Notation of prescribed Taals in single, Dugun and Chougun Laykeries.

DEFENCE STUDIES

CLASS-XI

SEMESTER-I

GROUP-A 1. Definition and scope of Defence Studies, its relationship with other social and Physical Sciences.

3. Warfare: Evolution of warfare since primitive time to modern times. Definition and concepts of war, origin of war, Feudal war, Dynastic war, People’s war, Modern war.

GROUP-B

(a) Give Strategic importance of following places:

(i) Suez-canal

(ii) Panama Canal

(iii) Straits of Malka

(b) Defence Potential of India;

(i) Strategic location frontiers of India;

(ii) Boundaries;

PAPER-II

VIVA-VOCE Note: In viva-voce the lecture will be of 15 marks. The students will give a lecture in presences of audience for 5-8 minutes on the topic of his own choice out of the topics given in the syllabus.

1. Lecture: Each student will be required to give a talk (and not paper reading) for 5-8 minutes on any one of the under-mentioned topic:

(i) Suez Canal (iii) Geo-strategic location of India (iv) Modern War

2. Interview: The examiner may ask the candidate any question from topic mentioned in the list of topics for lecture

SEMESTER-II

GROUP-A 2. Physical and Cultural factors determining the defence potential.

4. Psychological Aspects of War:-

(i) Morale: Concept and definition, factors, controlling to morale and importance of morale.

(ii) Discipline: Definition, importance factors contributing to discipline, relation of discipline to morale.

(iii) Leadership: Definition, Importance, Types and Qualities of leadership.

(iv) Fear and Panic: Causes and effects of fear and panic, methods of recovery from fear and panic.

(v) Man Management: What is man management and its purpose.

GROUP-B

(a) Give Strategic importance of following places:

(iv) Korakoram-Sinking Highway.

(v) Laddakh.

(vi) Kathmandu.

(vii) Kodari Highway.

(viii) Chumbi Valley.

(b) Defence Potential of India;

(iii) India’s strategic Mineral Commodities;

(iv) Industrial potentials, transport and communication in India;

PAPER-II

VIVA-VOCE

Note: In viva-voce the lecture will be of 15 marks. The students will give a lecture in presences of audience for 5-8 minutes on the topic of his own choice out of the topics given in the syllabus.

1. Lecture: Each student will be required to give a talk (and not paper reading) for 5-8 minutes on any one of the under-mentioned topic:

(ii) Morale (v) Defence Studies (vi) Korakoram-Sinking Highway (vii) Leadership

2. Interview: The examiner may ask the candidate any question from topic mentioned in the list of topics for lecture.