Board Of Intermediate Education, A.P. Nampally (Hyderabad)
Syllabus – Botany
Grand Total : 135
UNIT - 1:
Botany - Introduction: Periods: 06
1.1 Origin, development and scope of Botany 02
1.2 Classification of Plant kingdom (outlines only) 01
1.3 Parts of a typical angiospermic plant 01
1.4 Branches of Botany: Morphology, Cytology, Embryology, Palynology, Taxonomy, Physiology, Ecology, Palaeobotany, Genetics, Phytogeography, Phycology, Mycology, Lichenology, Bryology, Pteridology, Microbiology, Bacteriology, Virology. 02
UNIT – 2:
External Morphology: Periods: 32
A. Vegetative Morphology:
2.1 Root: Root System - types, modifications of root (storage roots, velaman roots, photosynthetic roots, respiratory roots, parasitic roots, nodular roots) 03
2.2 Stem: Charcterstics and Functions of the stem Modifications of the stems (Aerial - Tendrils, Thorns, Hooks, Phylloclade, Tuberous stems, Bulbils: Sub Aerial - Runners, Stolons, Suckers, Offsets: Underground - Rhizome, Corm, Stem Tuber, Bulb) 06
2.3 Leaf: Parts and Functions (Types and Modifications of leaf base, stipule, petiole are excluded) Venation Types of leaves (simple and compound) Phyllotaxy (alternate, opposite, Whorled) Modifications of leaves (tendrils, spines, scale leaves, Phyllode, reproductive leaves, trap leaves (details of Nepenthes only) 07
2.4 Inflorescence - Types (racemose, cymose, special) 08
2.5 Flower - Parts, Sex Distribution, Symmetry, Position of Gynoecium, detailed description of flower (perianth, calyx, corolla, aestivation, androecium - parts, fixation, dehiscence of anther, lengths of stamens, union of stamens), gynoecium - number of carpels, fusion of carpels (excluding variations under syncarpous), ovary - number of locules, placentation, types of styles, stigma. 08
UNIT – 3
Reproduction in Angiosperms: Periods: 20
3.1 Introduction 01
3.2 Microsporogenesis and development of male gametophyte 02
3.3 Ovule - structure, types, megasporogenesis, development of embryo sac 04
3.4 Pollination - Types, Contrivances of cross and self pollination. Agents of Pollination (definition with one example only) 05
3.5 Fertilization
Post Fertilization changes including seed structure (dicot, Monocot) and types of germination (epigeal, hypogeal & vivipary - definitions with one example) 04
3.6 Fruits: - Classification; false fruits, true fruits - simple (fleshy fruits - berry, pome, pepo, hesperidium, drupe: Dry fruits - dehiscent -legume, septicidal capsule, septifragal capsule, loculicidal capsule: Indehiscent - caryopsis,
cypsela, nut: schizocarpic - lomentum, schizocarp), Aggregate and multiple fruits 04
UNIT – 4
Plant Taxonomy: Periods: 17
4.1 Introduction - alpha and omega taxonomy , aspects of taxonomy, flora, herbaria, botanical gardens (RBG - KEW , IBG - Kolkatta, NBG - Lucknow), binomial nomenclature, ICBN, Types of classification, Units of classification, brief account of Bentham and Hookers classification Detailed study of the following families including economic importance 07
4.2 Malvaceae 03
4.3 Fabaceae 03
4.4 Solanaceae 02
4.5 Liliaceae 02
UNIT – 5
Cell Biology: Periods: 23
5.1 Introduction, Techniques of Cell Biology - microscopy (light, electron, fluorescence, phase contrast, SEM, TEM - only uses), separation techniques (centrifugation, electrophoresis – only uses) 02
5.2 Ultra structure of plant cell (eukaryote cell – cell wall, protoplasm, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, plastids, mitocondria, ER, ribosomes, golgi complex, lysosomes, peroxisomes, glyoxysomes vacuoles, nucleus 09
5.3 Chromosomes - introduction, structure (light microscpic and nucleosome model) 03
5.4 Nucleic Acids 04
5.5 Cell Cycle and Mitosis; Meiosis. 05
UNIT-6
Internal Organisation of Plants: Periods: 19
6.1 Tissues - Types (meristematic and permanent ) and Functions 08
6.2 Internal Structure of Dicot Root (Primary) and Monocot root 02
6.3 Internal Structure of Dicot Stem (Primary) and Monocot stem 04
6.4 Internal Structure of leaf (Dicot and Monocot) 02
6.5 Secondary Growth in Dicot Stem 03
UNIT - 7
Plant Ecology: Periods: 06
7.2 Plant communities - Hydrophytes, Mesophytes, Xerophytes, Ecological Adaptations (Morphological and Anatomical) of Hydrophytes and xerophytes 05
UNIT - 8
Genetics: Periods: 12
8.1 Introduction 01
8.2 Mendel's Principles - Monohybrid, Dihybrid cross, Concept of probability in relation to Mendel's laws 09
8.3 Linkage and crossing over (only concept and significance) 01
8.4 Mutations - gene and chromosomal (only definitions of terms: - spontaneous, induced, chromosomal structural and chromosomal numerical changes) 01