Geography
Class – XII
Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 80
General Instructions :
(i) There are 21 questions in all.
(ii) all question are compulsory.
(iii) Marks for each question are indicated against it.
(iv) Question numbers 1 and 2 are on filling outline maps of the world and India respectively. Each question contains 4 test-items of very short answers of 1 mark each.
(v) Question number 3 to 8, 19 and 20 are short answer question. Answer to these questions should not exceed 60 words each.
(vi) Question number 9 to 14 and 21 are also short answer question. Answer to these questions should not exceed 10 words.
(vii) Question numbers 15 to 18 are long answer questions of 5 marks each. Answer of each of these questions should not exceed 140 words.
(viii) Outline maps of the WORLD and INDIA provided to you must be attached with your answer books.
(ix) Use of templates or stencils for drawing outline maps in illustrating your answer is allowed.
(x) Answers of question number 19 to 21 should be given from any ONE of the OPTIONAL MODULES.
Q.1 On the outline map of the world provided mark and label each of the following correctly. 4
i. Andes range;
ii. River Nile;
iii. Plateau of Tibet;
iv. Prairies
Q2. On the outline map of the India provided mark and label each of the following correctly. 4
i. Aravali Range
ii. A leading cotton-textile center in Gujarat
iii. The oldest atomic power station in India
iv. A newly developed major port in Tamil Nadu
Q3. Name six factor which influence the climate of a place . 3
Hint: (i) Latitude
(ii) Altitude
(iii) Continentality/distance from sea,
(iv) Prevailing winds
(v) Ocean currents
(vi) The direction of mountain
(vii) Slopes/aspect
(viii) Vegetative cover
Q4. Name three major parallel ranges of the Himalayas and state the height of each. 3
Hint: i. Himadri :- Height above sea/level about 6000 metres.
ii. Himachal :- Height varies from 1000 to 4500 metres.
iii. Siwalik :- Average height 600 metres above sea.
Q5. Why is earth considered a unique planet? Give three reasons in support of your answer. 3
Q6. Compare and contrast the latitudinal location and natural vegetation of the Tundra region with those of the Hot Desert region. 3
Q7. How does land use change with time? Give three examples. 3
Q8. Explain three important physical factors responsibly for uneven distribution of population in India. 3
Hint: (i) Relief, land forms and Terrain (Any one)
(ii) Climate and Natural Vegetation (Any one)
(iii) Soils or availability of minerals (Any one) Or availability of water
Q9. What are ocean currents? Name three factors which influence the ocean currents. 4
Hint: (a) The Ocean currents are horizontal flow of a mass of water in a fairly defined direction over great distances.
(b) Factors :
(i) Difference in density
(ii) Earth’s rotation
(iii) Planetary winds
Q10. Describe briefly the important characteristics of the equatorial Lowlands region with reference to its location, climate, natural vegetation and animal life. 4
(a) Location :- Between 50 N and 50 S latitudes/Amazon Basin in S. America/Zaire basin in Africa/Malaysia and Indonesia in Asia.
(b) Climate :- Hot and Humid throughout the year/Annual range of temperature very low/Heavy annual rainfall/Daily rainfall, convectional in nature.
(c) Natural Dense evergreen forests/Tall trees with canopy of foliage/climbing Vegetation :- plants like lianas and creepers/numerous parasitic plants/ground covered
with decayed vegetation/Dense undergrowth.
(d) Animal life :- Monkeys and other animals living on tree tops/Alligators/Turtles/other animals live-in in water bodies/Large variety of birds/insects.
Q11. Name four types of soils found in Penninsular India. State four characteristics of the soil which is of volcanic origin. 4
Hint: (a) 1. Red soil
2. Black soil
3. Alluvial soil
4. Laterite soil
(b) Black cotton soil - Fine clay
- Black in colour
- Basaltic base
- Moisture retentive
- Poor in organic matter
Q12. Point out two differences between estuary and delta. 4
Q13. Explain with two supporting facts how each of the following factors influences the climate of India : 4
(a) Location and latitudinal extent;
(b) Northern mountains;
(c) Distance from the sea;
(d) Wind direction
Q14. Give two reasons for each of the following : 4
i. The hilly and mountainous terrain provide unfavourabel conditions for laying railway line.
ii. Road transport is flexible, reliable and quick.
Hint: i. Rugged topography/thick forest cover/heavy rainfall/low level of economy/and sparse population lead to unfavorable conditions for the development of rail transport.
ii. Roads can negotiate higher gradient of slopes/construction of roads comparatively easy and inexpensive/suitable for short distance/and suitable for carrying perishable goods like milk fruits and vegetables/provide door-to-door service/Routes and stops flexible.
Q15. Name the four types of mountains based on their mode of formation, and also describe briefly any three economic benefits of mountains. 5
Hint: (a) Types of Mountain :
(i) Fold mountain
(ii) Block mountain
(iii) Volcanic mountain
(iv) Residual mountain
(b) Economic Benfits : Storehouse of resources/Generation of hydroelectricity/Abundant source of water/Formation of fertile plains/Natural political frontiers/Effect on climate/Tourist centres.
Q16. Describe briefly five major characteristic of traditional Agriculture in India. 5
Hint: (1) Low Per Capita Availability of Land :
- Per Capita land in India is 0.29 hectares which is lower than the world aver of 0.36 hectare; it is an indicator of high pressure of population on land.
(2) Dominance of foodgrains :
- Cultivable land under food grain more than development of plantation and commercial agriculture.
(3) High Dependence of Nature :
- dependence on rainfall
- meagre irrigation facilities.
(4) Low Yield :
- use of poor quality of seeds and old method of farming
(5) Low level of Mechanization:
- use of machines in less due to small size of farms
- the agriculture to labour intensive
(6) Emphasis on subsistence farming
Q17. Distinguish between land breeze and sea breeze. Give five distinctive features of each. 5
Q18. Study the table given below carefully and answer the following question : 5
Annual Birth rates, Death rates and Natural growth rates
| Decade | Birth Rate Per Thousand (00/00) | Death Rate Per Thousand (00/00) | Natural Growth Per Thousand (00/00) | Natural Growth Per Thousand (%) | |
| 1901-11 | 49.2 | 42.6 | 6.6 | 0.6 | |
| 1911-21 | 48.1 | 47.2 | 0.9 | 0.09 | |
| 1921-31 | 46.4 | 36.3 | 10.1 | 1.01 | |
| 1931-41 | 45.2 | 31.2 | 14.0 | 1.4 | |
| 1941-51 | 39.9 | 27.4 | 12.5 | 1.25 | |
| 1951-61 | 41.7 | 22.8 | 18.9 | 1.89 | |
| 1961-71 | 41.2 | 19.0 | 22.2 | 2.22 | |
| 1971-81 | 37.2 | 15.0 | 22.2 | 2.22 | |
| 1981-91 | 32.7 | 11.7 | 21.0 | 2.1 | |
| 1995 | 28.3 | 9.0 | 19.0 | 1.9 |
i. In which decade was the death rate at its highest?
ii. What was its impact on the natural growth rate of population?
iii. Compare the trends in birth rate and death rate between 1921 and 1995, and find out by how many points each of the two have fall respectively.
iv. What conclusion do you draw from these two figures about relative pace with which each one of them has been falling?
v. Of the two-birth rate-death rate – which one needs to be brought down more speedily than the other to stabilize our population in near future.
Optional Modules
(Attempt the Questions from any one module)
TEACHING OF GEOGRAPHY AT PRIMARY LEVEL
Q19. Explain how days, months and years are caused by three different natural cyclic phenomena.
Q20. Critically examine how : “The march from the crude barter system to the modern international trade is nothing bout story of transport, communication and money of currencies.”
Hint: (i) Impact of steady growth in the means of transport
(ii) Rapid growth of communication
(iii) Impact of emergence of money metal and paper currencies
Q21 State how geography as a subject has been perceived over years in four different ways.
OR
GEOGRAPHY OF TOURISM IN INDIA
Q.19 Suggest three reason explaining tourism as a cluster of industries instead of any single industry.
Hint: (i) Tourism industry directly provides hospitality services through workers employed in hotels, restaurants, transport services for tourists and in gift shops at tourist spots.
(ii) It guides visits to old monuments called now-a-days as heritage industry.
(iii) Indirectly additional services by laundries, medical stores, crafts, photographic and sports dealers, food processors, and cinema entertainers etc. also provide jobs to tourism industrial workers. All these service industries are scattered forming widespread clusters.
Q.20 A rapid development of large scale mass tourism brings us the much needed foreign exchange. Analyse with the help of three need to change it into a slow or area selective tourism.
Hint: (i) Developing mass tourism rapidly anywhere and everywhere increases the pressure on local resources and social amenities – the damage may reach a stage beyond repair.
(ii) Slow and area selective approach is an alternate strategy to see that the numbers of increasing tourists do not exceed the carrying capacity of a resort at a point of time.
(iii) This planned strategy protects our cultural heritage and lifestyle of the youth from any harm. It will also halt the encroachments on ancient monuments, natural scenery, wild life and age-old traditions.
Q.21 What are the four major steps proposed for further and better development of tourism in Himachal Pradesh?
OR
FIELD WORK IN GEOGRAPHY
Q.19. For which one reason the test of a hypothesis about a problem is necessary and for which two reason a pre-tested hypothesis may need to be changed?
Hint: (i) Testing of an hypothesis is necessary for drying definite conclusions.
(ii) As every hypothesis is always pre-conceived and pre-tested before its final formulation, a change in it may become unavoidable later on.
(iii) An hypothesis once pre-tested may have to be rejected after investigation and processing of primary data.
Q.20 Analyse giving three examples, how a random sampling may have to be changed into a stratified random sampling in a different situation?
Q.21 State four major basis for classification of field date giving one example in each case.
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